Samson Onibokun

The Impact of Recapitalization and Consolidation on Banks Costs of Equity in Nigeria INTRODUCTION The financial deregulation in Nigeria that started in 1987 subsequent to the adoption of the now abandoned Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in 1986, generated a high and healthy degree of competition in the banking sector. This was because the financial deregulation provided incentives for the expansion of banks in terms of individual size and number of banks in operation. However, the increased competition in the financial sector in general and the banking sub-sector in particular, amidst political instability and financial policies inconsistencies on the part of the financial regulators, led to rapid decline in profitability of the traditional banking activities. Thus in a bid to survive and maintain adequate profit level in the ensuing political and policy instability in the Nigerian economy, banks started taking excessive risks which led to frequent bank failures and relat...

1.1               BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Challenge is something that by its nature or character serves as a call to battle, contest and special effort etc. it is also regarded to be a difficulty in a job or undertaking that is stimulating to one engaged work (Oxford dictionary).   Teaching is one of the most satisfying experiences in the world Osokoya(2011). It is one of the most important fields of work one can take part in, in order to better the condition of humanity. Becoming a professional teacher demands training in basic skills and classroom procedures. Clark and Starr (1986) regard teaching as an attempt to assist students in acquiring or changing some skills, knowledge, idea, attitude or appreciation. Bruner (1996) says teaching can also be seen as an effort to assist or shape growth. Kenneth Moore defines teaching as an action of someone who is trying to assist others to reach their fullest potentia...